Women Victimization on Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS):A Critical Analysis On Terrorist Wives

Leebarty Taskarina

Abstract


Nowadays, perpetrators on terrorism are not male dominated. Research in this thesis discusses women involvement as terrorist wives to support their husband and their terrorist group. This research focused on the process of how wives were brought and involved in terrorism by their husband. Terrorist wives are the invisible victim of terrorism, they are involved not by their own will. Pressure, intimidations, dominance and symbolic violence in their household moving towards new kind of victimization. Using qualitative approach in dept interview with two terrorist wives, this research found terrorist wives experienced multiple victimization. Another findings is also made that wives are unconcious that they are actually victims with society unawareness shows that there is omission by the government. Terrorist wives are not only experienced multiple impacts, but also they are neglected victims of counter-terrorism systems.

Keywords


victimization; terrorism; terrorist wives; neglected victims.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Argomaniz, Javier. & Lynch, Orla. International Perspectives on Terrorist Victimisation: An Interdisciplinary Approach. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

Ashfort, Blake E. & Mael, Fred. “Social Identity Theory and the Organization”, The Academy of Management Review, Volume 14, Number 1 (January, 1989): 20-39.

Azar, Edward E. “Development Diplomacy”, in Joyce R. Starr & Addeane S. Caelleigh (ed.) A Shared Destiny: Near East Regional Development and Cooperation. New York: Preager, 1983.

Bhakti, Mohd Adhe. “Perempuan dan Terorisme”, Pusat Kajian Radikalisme dan Deradikalisasi, (February, 2016).

Bhaskar, Roy. A Realist Theory of Science. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Press, 1978.

Bourdieu, Pierre. Dominasi Maskulin. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra, 2010.

Burgess-Proctor, Amanda. “Intersections of Race, Class, Gender, and Crime: Future Directions for Feminist Criminology”, Feminist Criminology, Volume 1, Number 1 (January, 2006): 27-47.

Chambers, Clare. Sex, Culture, and Justice: The Limits of Choice. University Park: Penn State University Press.

Christie, Nils. “The Ideal Victim”, in Ezzat A. Fattah (ed.) From Crime Policy to Victim Policy, Palgrave Macmillan: London, 198: 17-30.

Cragin, R. Kim & Daly, Sara A. Women As Terrorists. California: Abc-Clio, 2009.

Doerner, William & Lab, Steven. Victimology. Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing, 2012.

Eddyono, Supriyadi Widodo. Minimnya Hak Korban dalam RUU Pemberantasan Terorisme Usulan Rekomendasi atas RUU Pemberantasan terorisme di Indonesia (DIM terkait Hak Korban Terorisme). Jakarta: Institute for Criminal Justice Reform, 2012.

Elias, Robert. The Politics of Victimization: Victims, Victimology and Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Giddens, Anthony. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

Goffman, Erving. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1963.

Gonzalez-Perez, Margaret. Women and Terrorism: Female Activity in Domestic and International Terror Groups. New York: Routledge, 2008.

Herdiansyah, Haris. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif untuk Ilmu-ilmu Sosial. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika, 2014.

Huckerbery, Jane. “When Women Become Terrorist”, The New York Times, (January, 21 2015).

Karmen, Andrew. Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology. Belmont: Wasdsworth Cengage Learning, 2010.

Kiza, Ernesto. “Victimization in Wars: A Framework for Further Inquiry”, in Uwe Ewald & Ksenija Turkovi (eds.) Large Scale Victimisation as a Potential Source of Terroris Activities: Importance of Regaining Security in Post Conflict Societies. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2006: 73-88.

Maulana, Victor. “PBB: Sepanjang 2016 7000 Warga Sipil Tewas di Irak”, Sindonews, (January, 3 2017).

Mythen, Gabe, Walklate, Sandra, & Khan, Fatima. “I'm Muslim, But I'm Not Terrorist: Victimization, Risky Identities and the Performance of Safety”, The British Journal of Criminology, Volyme 49, Number 6 (November, 2009): 736-754.

National Agency of Counter-Terrorism. Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah. Bogor: Unpublished Document.

Nuraniyah, Nava. “Mothers to Bombers: The Evolution of Indonesian Women Extremists”, Institute of Conflict and Policy Analysis, (January, 17 2017).

O'Brien, Martin & Yar, Majid. Criminology: The Key Concepts. Abingdon: Routledge, 2008.

Orchard, Treena. “Of Sex Work and Survival: Women’s Experiences of Symbolic Violence”, International Human Trafficking, Prostitution, & Sex Work Conference, Toledo 18-19 September 2014, University of Toledo.

Ritzer, George & Goodman, Douglas J. Teori Sosiologi Modern. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media, 2004.

Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan R.D. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2008.

Susanti, Vinita. “Pembunuhan oleh Istri dalam Konteks Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT): Studi terhadap Empat Terpidana Perempuan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Wanita Bandung”, Disertasi Program Doktor Departemen Sosiologi Universitas Indonesia, (2015).

Tauhidillah, Muhammad Alfath. “Korban sebagai Dampak dari TP Terorisme: Yang Anonim dan Terlupakan”, Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia, Volume 5, Number 2 (August, 2009): 19-30.

Third, Amanda. Gender and The Political. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

Umar, N. Ketika Fikih Membela Perempuan. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo, 2014.

Walklate, Sandra. “Researching Victims of Crime: Critical Victimology”, Social Justice, Volume 17, Number 3 (March, 1990): 25-42.

Walklate, Sandra. Imaging the Victims of Crime. New York: Open University Press, 2007.

Ward, Tonny. “State Harms” in Paddy Hillyard, Christina Pantazis, Steve Tombs, Dave Gordon (eds.) Beyond Criminology: Taking Harm Seriously. London: Pluto Pers, 2004: 84-100.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31599/jkn.v6i1.454

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Keamanan Nasional

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.